The spacing of the column should be considerably reduced so that the load on column on each floor is less and the necessity of large sections for columns does not arise. 2. Orient the column so that the depth of the column is contained in the major plane of bending or is perpendicular to the major axis of bending.
The K factor approximates the length that a column (steel column's, concrete column's, aluminum column's, etc. all use the effective length factor) actually buckles. The effective length can be longer, shorter, or exactly the actual length depending on the rigidity of the supports.
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short columns according to theory is defined by slenderness ratio(l/r) if slenderness ratio is less than12 it is short and if it is greater than12 it is long column.long column is also subjected to bucklin thus additional reinforcement considering traverse shear should also be considered,despite this we hve to consider the support conditions ...